Mechanical Keyboards 101
Wiki Keebs
7/10/24
General
Beginner
Part 1: History of Mechanical Keyboards
The history of mechanical keyboards dates back to the early days of computing, long before the sleek, compact designs we see today. Initially developed in the 1970s and 1980s, these keyboards were standard issues with many early computers, prized for their reliability and robustness. Companies like IBM and Apple led the charge, producing iconic models such as the IBM Model M, which featured the now-famous buckling spring mechanism.
IBM Model M, Image Source: RTINGSUnlike traditional keyboards (membrane), mechanical keyboards use individual mechanical switches for each key. These switches provide a distinct tactile feel and audible feedback, making typing a more satisfying experience.
One of the standout features of mechanical keyboards is the variety of switches available. These switches come in different types, each with unique characteristics tailored to different preferences. For instance, Cherry MX Blue switches are known for their clicky sound and tactile bump, perfect for typists who enjoy a bit of auditory feedback. On the other hand, Cherry MX Red switches are smooth and quiet, ideal for gamers who need rapid key presses without the distraction of noise. This customization extends to other switch brands as well, such as Kailh, Gateron, and more, giving users an array of options to suit their typing style.
Durability is another significant advantage of mechanical keyboards. The individual switches are built to withstand millions of keystrokes, far outlasting the lifespan of standard membrane keyboards. This longevity makes them a worthwhile investment, especially for those who spend a considerable amount of time typing. Additionally, many mechanical keyboards come with features like customizable keycaps, RGB lighting, and programmable macros, enhancing both functionality and aesthetics. These features not only boost performance but also allow users to personalize their keyboards to match their style.
Part 2: Understanding the Size
When diving into the world of mechanical keyboards, one of the most exciting aspects is the variety of sizes available. Each size caters to different needs and preferences, ranging from compact 40% keyboards to expansive full-size ones. Understanding these options can help you find the perfect keyboard for your setup.
Discover Your Perfect Keyboard Size!
The simulator will allow you to customize your own Keyboard in 3D with all of the popular size options, as well as changing the keyset to your desire.
40% Keyboards are the smallest standard size, stripping away all but the most essential keys. These ultra-compact keyboards typically include alphanumeric keys and a few modifiers, making them incredibly portable and great for minimalist setups.
However, their size means you'll often need to use function layers to access punctuation and other characters, which can be a learning curve but is rewarding for those who value desk space and portability.
However, their size means you'll often need to use function layers to access punctuation and other characters, which can be a learning curve but is rewarding for those who value desk space and portability.
Vicious40, Image Source: CannonKeys
60% Keyboards are a popular choice for many users, balancing compactness and functionality. They include all the alphanumeric keys, essential modifiers, and a few additional keys, such as the arrow keys, often integrated into a function layer.
This size retains the compact form factor while providing a more familiar typing experience than the 40%, making it a favorite among gamers and typists who need more functionality without sacrificing too much space.
This size retains the compact form factor while providing a more familiar typing experience than the 40%, making it a favorite among gamers and typists who need more functionality without sacrificing too much space.
Iron160, Image Source: CannonKeys
65% Keyboards build on the 60% layout by adding dedicated arrow keys and a few navigation keys, such as Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down.
This size maintains a compact form factor while offering additional functionality that many users find essential for productivity tasks.
It's a great middle-ground for those who want more keys than a 60% but still want to keep their setup minimal and portable.
This size maintains a compact form factor while offering additional functionality that many users find essential for productivity tasks.
It's a great middle-ground for those who want more keys than a 60% but still want to keep their setup minimal and portable.
Chimera 65, Image Source: WikiKeebs
75% Keyboards offer a middle ground, including a dedicated function row and arrow keys while integrating navigation keys closely together.
The 75% layout is slightly more compact than the Tenkeyless (TKL) layout, providing efficiency for users who need a balance between functionality and desk space. These keyboards are ideal for those who need additional keys for productivity tasks but want to avoid the bulk of larger keyboards.
The 75% layout is slightly more compact than the Tenkeyless (TKL) layout, providing efficiency for users who need a balance between functionality and desk space. These keyboards are ideal for those who need additional keys for productivity tasks but want to avoid the bulk of larger keyboards.
ROG Azoth, Image Source: WikiKeebs
Tenkeyless (TKL) Keyboards are another popular option that omits the numpad while retaining the function row and navigation cluster.
This size is perfect for those who don't frequently use the Numpad but still need access to a full set of function and navigation keys.
TKL keyboards offer a good balance of compactness and usability, making them versatile choices for both work and play.
This size is perfect for those who don't frequently use the Numpad but still need access to a full set of function and navigation keys.
TKL keyboards offer a good balance of compactness and usability, making them versatile choices for both work and play.
Rama Works U80, Image Source: Wikikeebs
70% Keyboards are a less common size that essentially takes the Tenkeyless (TKL) layout and remove the function row.
This size offers a compact design while retaining most of the necessary keys, including the navigation cluster and arrow keys, making it a versatile option for users who need more than a 65% keyboard but dont require the full-function row
This size offers a compact design while retaining most of the necessary keys, including the navigation cluster and arrow keys, making it a versatile option for users who need more than a 65% keyboard but dont require the full-function row
Iron160, Image Source: Cannon Keys
Full-size keyboards are the most extensive option, featuring a complete set of keys, including the numpad, function row, and navigation cluster. This size is perfect for users who require a comprehensive range of keys for tasks such as data entry, programming, or gaming.
While full-size keyboards take up more desk space, they offer the most functionality and are often preferred by users who need quick access to a wide array of keys without relying on function layers.
While full-size keyboards take up more desk space, they offer the most functionality and are often preferred by users who need quick access to a wide array of keys without relying on function layers.
Board w/ 80082 , Image Source: Wikikeebs3D
Each keyboard size offers unique benefits and caters to different typing needs and preferences. Whether you prioritize portability, desk space, or functionality, there's a mechanical keyboard size that's perfect for you.
Part 3: Understanding PCB: The Heart of Mechanical Keyboards
The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a crucial component in any mechanical keyboard, serving as the foundation that connects all the switches and electronic components. When delving into the world of custom keyboards, you'll encounter two primary types of PCBs: Solder and Hotswap. Each type has its own set of advantages and considerations, making it important to understand which one suits your needs best.
Solder PCBs are traditional and require each switch to be soldered onto the board. This method provides a secure and reliable connection, ensuring that each key press registers accurately.
Soldering can be a rewarding experience for those who enjoy DIY projects and want a sturdy keyboard that will last a long time. However, it requires some skill and equipment, such as a soldering iron and solder. Additionally, once the switches are soldered, replacing or changing them can be time-consuming and challenging, as it involves desoldering the old switches and soldering new ones in their place.
Soldering can be a rewarding experience for those who enjoy DIY projects and want a sturdy keyboard that will last a long time. However, it requires some skill and equipment, such as a soldering iron and solder. Additionally, once the switches are soldered, replacing or changing them can be time-consuming and challenging, as it involves desoldering the old switches and soldering new ones in their place.
Solder PCB, Image Source: Wikikeebs
Hotswap PCBs, on the other hand, offer a more user-friendly approach. These PCBs have sockets that allow switches to be easily inserted and removed without the need for soldering. This makes it incredibly convenient to try out different switches and customize your typing experience. If a switch fails or you simply want to experiment with different types, you can swap them out in seconds.
Hotswap PCBs are ideal for those who frequently change their setups or prefer the flexibility of easy modifications.
Hotswap PCBs are ideal for those who frequently change their setups or prefer the flexibility of easy modifications.
Hotswap PCB, Image Source: Wikikeebs
Part 4: Conclusion
Understanding mechanical keyboards involves appreciating their rich history, the variety of sizes available, and the essential role of the PCB. From the reliable, robust keyboards of the 70s and 80s to today's customizable, enthusiast-driven designs, mechanical keyboards have evolved significantly. Each keyboard size, from the ultra-compact 40% to the comprehensive full-size, caters to different needs and preferences, ensuring that there is a perfect fit for every user.The choice between solder and hotswap PCBs further allows enthusiasts to tailor their keyboards to their liking. Solder PCBs offer durability and a solid typing feel, perfect for those who enjoy the process of building and maintaining their keyboard. Hotswap PCBs provide unmatched convenience and flexibility, making it easy to experiment with different switches and customize the typing experience on the fly.
In the end, whether you prioritize portability, desk space, functionality, or customization, the world of mechanical keyboards offers something for everyone. By understanding these fundamental aspects, you can make informed decisions and truly enjoy the unique, satisfying experience that mechanical keyboards provide.